电铸镍Wolter I型光学系统制造技术发展综述

摘要： 为满足未来脉冲星导航和空间天文观测任务对X射线望远镜的载荷需求，Wolter I光学系统的研制正逐渐成为新的研究热点，电铸镍方案是当前国内外X射线光学系统镜筒制造的主要技术方案.文章对电铸镍X射线光学系统制造工艺、国内外研制现状、未来应用需求进行了介绍和整理，梳理了电铸镍X射线光学系统研制遇到的关键技术和难点，提出了后续研究发展建议，以促进中国在 X射线脉冲星自主导航、空间探测领域的快速发展.     

光敏元件与光传感器的市场动态和发展

介绍了光敏元件与光传感器技术的发展及在国民经济和军事领域中的重要怍用；分析了国内外光电子产业的市场动态与发展趋势；论述了我国光电子产业面临的机遇和挑战。     

基于椭圆路径的回转二次曲面点接触加工方法研究

本文给出并证明了基于点接触的回转二次曲面加工成形原理,此加工方法加工范围广,刀具和加工面形之间具有多对多的对应特性。提出基于此成形原理的加工机床构建方案,分析加工中刀具配置要求,给出了满足配置要求的刀具配置方案。最后,设计了基于点接触成形原理的加工部件。     

振动对空间光通信系统误码率影响的分析

在空间光通信系统中，由于卫星平台的振动，使得光发射机发生振动，从而对通信系统的误码率产生影响，本文针对光射光束为高斯光束时，振动对误码率的影响问题进行研究。结果表明，在振动时不仅振幅影响着误码率，而且波长也对误码率有影响，但通信距离对误码率的影响不大，一般可以忽略。     

光机热集成分析中数据转换接口的研究

光机热集成分析中的数据转换接口是实现光、机、热各分析软件间数据有效传递的重要手段。Zernike多项式的优点决定了它作为各分析软件间的数据接口工具是非常方便和成熟的。以一种数据处理算法和最小二乘法为Zernike多项式拟合的基础,编制了数据转换接口,实现了分析模块间数据的转换,并在某空间遥感器主镜系统的光机热集成分析中得到应用。     

星间光通信中BER的口径自适应控制法

从接收机的比特误码率与发射机的振动关系出发,采用OOK调制方式,以APD为光电探测器,推导得到了描述发射机天线口径与发射机振动关系的数学模型。针对比特误码率(BER)随振动幅值增加而上升的问题,提出了用发射天线口径与自适应方法控制BER的解决方案。用MATLAB6.5计算得到了自适应和标准条件下BER与跟踪系统信噪比的关系曲线。计算结果表明,采用天线口径自适应方法可将BER值控制在设计要求以下。     

A Geosynchronous Orbit Search Strategy

Since more than 10 years there is evidence that small-size space debris is accumulating in the geosynchronous orbit (GEO), probably as the result of breakups. Two break-ups have been reported in GEO. The 1978 break-up of an EKRAN 2 satellite, SSN 10365, was identified in 1992, and in 1992 a Titan 3C Transtage, SSN 3432, break-up produced at least twenty observable pieces. Subsequently several nations performed optical surveys of the GEO region in the form of independent observation campaigns. Such surveys suffer from the fact that the field of view of optical telescopes is small compared with the total area covered by the GEO ring. As a consequence only a small volume of the orbital element-magnitude-space is covered by each individual survey. Results from these surveys are thus affected by observational biases and therefore difficult to compare. This paper describes the development of a common search strategy to overcome these limitations. The strategy optimizes the sampling for objects in orbits similar to the orbits of the known GEO population but does not exclude the detection of objects with other orbital planes. A properly designed common search strategy clearly eases the comparison of results from different groups and the extrapolation from the sparse (biased) samples to the entire GEO environment.     

基于自适应纹理复杂度的仿生视觉导航方法研究

针对稠密光流在低纹理复杂度时精度较低的问题,提出了一种自适应纹理复杂度的稠密光流优化方法,以提升光流导航精度。根据三种不同大气条件下三种不同图像模糊程度的图像光流精度与纹理复杂度的统计图,推断稠密光流的精度与图像的纹理复杂度呈线性关系。通过建立图像纹理复杂度和稠密光流精度之间的直接联系,利用灰度共生矩阵的对比度参数评价图像纹理复杂度,采用最小二乘法拟合图像纹理复杂度和光流真值优化系数的函数关系,获得自适应纹理复杂度的稠密光流优化模型。基于该优化模型设计了仿真实验,实验结果表明,基于该模型可有效提升稠密光流在低纹理复杂度时的计算精度。     

导弹燃气流瞬态温度测量系统设计

介绍了采用蓝宝石黑体腔光纤作为传感器的导弹燃气流瞬态温度测量系统的测量原理、系统组成,阐述了其硬件功能模块设计,给出了软件设计算法及蓝宝石黑体腔光纤高温计的标定方法。     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.